癌症是一组可影响身体任何部位的多种疾病的通称。使用的其它术语为恶性肿瘤和赘生物。癌症的一个决定性特征是异常细胞快速生成，这些细胞超越其通常边界生长并可侵袭身体的临近部位和扩散到其它器官。后者被称为转移。广泛转移是癌症死亡的主要原因。
原癌基因在环境或遗传因素作用下，改变自身结构，转变为癌基因，使正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞。
用于明确肿瘤性质、类型、分期等信息，可用细针抽吸术、穿刺术或切除活检术、前哨淋巴结活检术等获取标本。
肿块：常为位置表浅肿瘤的首发症状，位置较深者不易发现，生长快，易转移，可在短时间内出现一处或多处较大肿块。
大约三分之一的癌症死亡源自烟草使用、高体重指数、酒精消费、水果和蔬菜摄入量低以及缺乏身体活动。此外，空气污染是肺癌的一个重要危险因素。
第二步——增生，突变后的细胞及其后代看起来仍然正常，但它们繁殖过多，这种 情况被称为增生。数年后，百万分之一的细胞（粉色）遭受另一种突变，这种突变 进一步放松了对细胞生长的控制。
如果您没有任何体征或症状，但担心自己有患癌风险，请与医生讨论您的担忧。咨询哪些用于癌症筛查的检查和医疗程序适合您。
Western conceptions of clients' legal rights for those with cancer contain a duty to completely disclose the medical problem to the person, and the correct to have interaction in shared choice-earning in a way that respects the person's possess values. In other cultures, other legal rights and values are favored. Such as, most African cultures value entire family members rather than individualism. In elements of Africa, a prognosis is often designed so late that overcome is impossible, and procedure, if accessible in the least, would immediately bankrupt the family. As a result of these elements, African Health care vendors usually Permit close relatives make your mind up whether, when And exactly how to reveal the prognosis, and they tend to take action bit by bit and circuitously, as the person shows desire and an capacity to cope With all the grim news.
From the 1970s, a relatively preferred substitute most cancers therapy during the US was a specialized sort of talk therapy, based upon the concept most cancers was brought on by 癌症 a nasty Angle.[244] People with a "cancer individuality"—frustrated, repressed, self-loathing and worried to specific their emotions—ended up considered to have manifested cancer by means of subconscious motivation. Some psychotherapists claimed that treatment to change the patient's outlook on lifestyle would heal the cancer.[244] Amid other outcomes, this belief allowed society to blame the victim for having brought on the most cancers (by "seeking" it) or obtaining prevented its get rid of (by not turning into a sufficiently satisfied, fearless and loving person).
出血：瘤体快速增大可致破裂出血，如肺癌有痰中带血、咯血等表现，胃肠癌则有呕血、黑便、血便等症状，肾癌、膀胱癌表现为血尿，妇科肿瘤则表现为阴道出血等。
A sizable proportion of cancers are adenocarcinomas, with normal histopathology capabilities revealed, although they differ substantially from circumstance to circumstance. Cancers are categorised by the kind of cell that the tumor cells resemble and it is as a result presumed for being the origin in the tumor. These kinds contain:
Palliative care is treatment method that makes an attempt to help you the affected person experience much better and will be combined with an attempt to deal with the cancer. Palliative care contains action to scale back physical, emotional, spiritual and psycho-social distress.
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Deficient expression of DNA repair proteins because of an inherited mutation can improve cancer risks. Individuals with an inherited impairment in almost any of 34 DNA repair service genes (see posting DNA maintenance-deficiency dysfunction) have greater cancer threat, with a few defects guaranteeing a a hundred% life time probability of cancer (e.